HTTP

Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is a method for encoding and transporting information between a client (such as a web browser) and a web server. HTTP is the primary protocol for the transmission of information across the Internet.

HTTP is an application‑layer protocol and relies on an underlying network‑layer protocol such as Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) to function

Peer-to-Peer Network

A peer-to-peer network is a technology that allows you to connect two or more computers to one system. This connection allows you to easily share data without having to use a separate server for your file-sharing. Each end-computer that connects to this network becomes a 'peer' and is allowed to receive or send files to other computers in its network. This enables you to work collaboratively to perform certain tasks that need group attention, and it also allows you to provide services to another peer.

Repeater

A repeater is a dynamic network device used to reproduce the signals when they transmit over a greater distance so that the signal’s strength remains equal. It can be used to create an Ethernet network

Hub

A hub is the most basic networking device that connects multiple computers or other network devices

Types of Hub

Passive Hub: Passive hubs are the connection point for wires that helps to make the physical network. It is capable of determining the bugs and faulty hardware. Simply, it accepts the packet over a port and circulates it to all ports. It includes connectors (10base-2 port and RJ-45) that can be applied as a standard in your network. This connector is connected to all local area network (LAN) devices. Additionally, the advanced passive hubs have AUI ports, which are connected as the transceiver according to the network design.

Active Hub: As compared to a passive hub, it includes some additional features. It can monitor the data sent to the connected devices. It plays an important role between the connected devices with the help of store technology, where it checks the data to be sent and decides which packet to send first.

It can fix the damaged packets when packets are sent and is also able to hold the direction of the rest of the packets and distribute them. If a port receives a weak signal, but still it is readable, then the active hub reconstructs the weak signal into a stronger signal before its sent to other ports. It can boost the signal if any connecting device is not working in the network. Therefore, it helps to make the continuity of services in LAN.

Bridges

A bridge is a network device that connects two or more LANs (local area networks) to form a larger LAN. Network bridging refers to the process of aggregating networks. A bridge connects the various components, making them appear to be part of a single network.

Switch

A networking switch is a type of hardware that uses packet switching to receive and forward data to its intended destination within a network. Essentially, a switch is a more efficient, more intelligent version of a hub.

Perhaps the biggest difference between a hub and a switch is the way that it delivers data packets. Rather than blindly passing along data to all devices in a network, a switch records the addresses of the connected devices. In doing so, it learns which devices are connected to which ports. Then, when a port receives a data packet, the switch reads its destination address and sends it directly to the intended device in the network instead of every single port. As a result, a switch can greatly improve the speed of networks that receive a lot of traffic.

Router

A router is the most intelligent and complex of the three network connection devices listed in this article. Rather than just forwarding data packets to other devices in a single network, routers are designed to forward data packets between two or more networks, as well as direct traffic between them. They are typically located at gateways and can be programmed to understand, direct, and manipulate network traffic.

Many modern routers are designed to integrate the capabilities of a switch and hub router all in a single device. Depending on the application, routers range in size from small broadband devices to large industrial Wireless Routers

Gateway

A gateway is a network node that forms a passage between two networks operating with different transmission protocols

Brouter

A bridge router or brouter is a network device that works as a bridge and as a router